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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

If you're brand new to homeschooling read Starting to Homeschool.

If you've homeschooled before and just need to get up to speed with the Tennessee rules read our Non-Lawyer Version  or the HS Laws page which links to just about everything you need to know to get started.

  1. How do I get my GED?

  2. Do I need a teaching certificate to homeschool?

  3. My child is learning disabled. Can special accommodations be made for them while taking the SAT's?

  4. Are homeschooling expenses tax-deductible?

  5. What about socialization?

  6. How much does homeschooling cost?

  7. I'm moving in from out of state. How much time do I have to register to homeschool?

  8. School in our district has already started and we've just moved here. Can I still register as an 'independent homeschooler'?

  9. Can I pull my child out of public school in mid-year and homeschool him?

  10. How many homeschoolers are there in Tennessee?

  11. I'm homeschooling my children and I baby sit my [neice, neighbor's child...] can I homeschool them too?

  12. There is no way I can teach [chemistry, Latin, piano...whatever]. Can I hire a tutor?

  13. I'm recovering from surgery [illness], can a friend teach my children for a couple of weeks?

  14. What is a subject area, end of course, gateway test? I just received notice that my high school has to appear at a local public school to take one of these.

  15. If I register with the state can they come to the house for inspections, check my daily lesson plans and attendance records, curriculum, etc?

  16. What happens if I won't sign a SOF (statement of faith)?

  17. Are there any Jewish synagogues that can/will/do what a CRS does?

  18. Not that I intend to do so, but has anyone ever challenged the constituionality of the law that only allows, essentially, Christian CRS's?

  19. Regarding being registered with the state: How does the state prevent people from just saying they've taught for 4 hours per day for 180 days but who don't actually do it?

  20. What's the difference between a 'homeschooler' and an 'independent homeschooler'? See also #28.

  21. I'm planning on registering with the state. Will they give me my curriculum when I sign up?

  22. I was told I need to bring my curriculum to the superintendent's office for their approval. Is this right?

  23. My county says my son must come in this year for Tcaps's even though he took them last year in the 5th grade. Is this right?

  24. I understand that the Department of Education can waive the baccalaureate requirement for homeschooling high schoolers. What are my changes?

  25. I know a family that is not actually educating their children. What can I do? Who do I call?

  26. Does the school district get money for homeschoolers?

  27. Alphabet Soup Translations: HSLDA, LEA, NCHE, NHEN, NHERI, SOF, TCAP

  28. Defining 'homeschooler'.

  29. Defining CRS category numbers.

 

1. How do I get my GED?

Here's the State of Tennessee's GED website.
http://www.state.tn.us/labor-wfd/AE/aeged.htm
This test will be changing in 2002 and you can get details on that at the state website here:
http://www.state.tn.us/labor-wfd/AE/aeedmal45.htm

Check also:
http://www.acenet.edu/calec/ged/intro-TT.html
This is the Center for Adult Learning and Educational Credentials site. There you'll find info on how to get started, how much, where to go...

2. Do I need a teaching certificate to homeschool?

No. If you are registered with the local education agency a high school diploma or GED is required to teach grades K - 8 . To teach grades 9 - 12, a baccalaureate degree is required.

If you're registered with a church related school only a high school diploma or GED is usually required check with your church related school.

You may be interested in this HSLDA article entitled "The Myth of Teacher Qualifications"
http://www.hslda.org/docs/nche/000002/00000214.asp
Here are a couple of uplifting snips:

I (Chris Klicka) have talked with hundreds of school officials who cannot understand how a “mere mother” with a high school diploma could possibly teach her own children.

Unfortunately, critics in the media have also believed this myth and will question the validity of home schooling by asking, “But are the parents qualified?” What is so laughable about this belief in teacher qualifications by public school authorities are the statistics which show the appalling decline in competency among certified public school teachers and the failure of the teacher colleges.

One of the most significant studies in this area was performed by Dr. Eric Hanushek of the University of Rochester, who surveyed the results of 113 studies on the impact of teachers’ qualifications on their students’ academic achievement. Eighty-five percent of the studies found no positive correlation between the educational performance of the students and the teacher’s educational background.

Those who push for legislation requiring certain teacher qualifications for home schoolers have no research to support the necessity of such standards. The results of these 113 studies are certainly an indictment on proponents of certain teacher standards for home schoolers. Higher teacher qualification does not make better students.

Dr. Lanier, an expert who testified on the side of the state in favor of teacher certification, admitted under oath that she was unaware of any verifiable evidence establishing any correlation between teacher certification requirements and student learning or teacher competence.

3. My child is learning disabled. Can special accommodations be made for them while taking the SATs?

Yes. Check the College Boards site http://www.collegeboard.org/sat/html/students/reg003.html

The College Board is committed to serving students with disabilities by providing services and reasonable accommodations appropriate to the student's disability and the purpose of the exam. Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD) provides Advanced Placement (AP®), PSAT/NMSQT™, and SAT testing accommodations for students who have documented disabilities.

4. Are homeschooling expenses tax-deductible?

The short answer is no.

There is a tax credit given to teachers. However, I don't believe that our current legal situation in Tennessee would meet the very specific criteria outlined by the IRS. The credit for $250 would quickly be eaten up by trying to defend a situation that many people involved in Tennessee homeschooling don't completely understand...let alone a disinterested IRS agent.

Here's a question specifically mentioning homeschooling from the following IRS page (as of 1/26/01).
http://www.irs.ustreas.gov/prod/tax_edu/faq/faq-kw64.html

"I will be homeschooling my child next year and would like to know if school related expenses, such as curriculum, school supplies, field trip activities, etc., are deductible?"

There is no deduction for your child's home schooling expenses. These are nondeductible personal, living, or family expenses. Please refer to Publication 529, Miscellaneous Deductions.

And from the IRS again (as of 1/2/06) IRA Topic 458: http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc458.html

Topic 458 - Educator Expense Deduction

If you are an eligible educator, you can deduct from gross income a portion of your qualified expenses. You can deduct these expenses even if you do not itemize deductions on Form 1040, Schedule A. This deduction is for expenses paid or incurred during the tax year. Previously, these expenses were deductible only as a miscellaneous itemized deduction subject to the 2% of adjusted gross income limit.

You are an eligible educator if, for the tax year, you meet the following requirements:

    * You are a kindergarten through grade 12;

          o Teacher

          o Instructor

          o Counselor

          o Principal, or

           o Aide

    * You work at least 900 hours a school year in a school that provides elementary or secondary education, as determined *under state law*. (emphasis added) (snip)

5. What about socialization?

Ah. Yes. The "S" word. It's come down to this. Educrats and well meaning relatives are finding it harder and harder to fault the academic successes of homeschoolers so they bring up the straw man of "socialization". While most parents consider socialization to be "plays well with others" and "listens to and follows directions" it's become apparent that socialization nowadays, may mean using your children to mold our nation into a society that looks like what educrats think it ought to be. This means your child is taught and graded on how well he understands and is willing to walk out certain issues. Some of those issues being: sex and choice, environmental concerns, globalism, multiculturalism, situational ethics, drug use, politics and more.

As a parent you need to decide just how you feel about those issues and if the school's view of these issues are consistent with your lifestyles choices.

Here are links to two articles you may find interesting reads on this subject. Both articles will provide plenty of reasons not to be concerned about socialization.

"No Thank You, We don't Believe in socialization" is Lisa Russell's contribution of truth on the subject with a touch of humor.

"What about socialization?" from Leliah McCracken of BirthLove.com

"Socialization: A Great Reason Not to Go to School" by Karl Bunday of LearnInFreedom.org

6. How much does homeschooling cost?

It's really up to you. Lots of families do quite well with a library card and not much else. Lots of families prefer to purchase "boxed" curriculum which can run into hundreds of dollars per child. Some families spend hundreds a month. Around here with one in High school, one in Junior High and two in elementary school we spend less than $1,000 to include curriculum, internet access and members to museums and such.

According to Michael Farris, president of the Home School Legal Defense Foundation, in a March 5, 1997 Wall Street Journal editorial. "For each home-school child, the average schooling cost is $546 per year, the annual public-school per-pupil expenditure is $5,325. Both figures exclude the costs of the building in which each child is taught."

We also save a good bit in not having to have the latest clothing, lunches out, transportation to and from school, various student fees and I believe our medical bills are less since the children aren't exposed to as many viruses and diseases. I saw an ABC News segment in August '00 where the average family, preparing to send their children to school, spent $500.

7. I'm moving in from out of state. How much time do I have to register to homeschool?

30 days. The homeschool statutes don't mention this specifically. However, according to my conversation on 1/21/99 with Mr. Glen Smith, Director of Attendance for the State of Tennessee Department of Education you have 30 days. He tells me that Tennessee Code 49-6-3001 applies to homeschooling as well as public schools.

8. School in our district has already started and we've just moved here. Can I still register as an "independent homeschooler"?

Maybe. "The superintendent has the discretionary authority to waive the September 1 deadline for good and sufficient reasons." The law doesn't define "good and sufficient" and so this phrase is defined by each superintendent as he/she wishes. Sometimes in our favor and sometimes not. Ask.

9. Can I pull my child out of public school in mid-year and homeschool him?

Yes. You can try and register him with your LEA but if the August 1/September 1 deadline has passed your superintendent of schools may disallow this. They have that legal right under TCA 49-6-3050. They also have the right to allow the registration for what the superintendent considers 'good and sufficient reason'. If they won't cooperate your other choice is to register with a church related school.

10. How many homeschoolers are there in Tennessee?

This depends upon how you define "homeschooler". Using the word as defined in 49-6-3050 (the homeschooling code) there are about 6,000 children registered with the LEA's and church-related schools as homeschoolers in the 2005-06 school year.

The vast majority of what are known as homeschoolers are actually parents utilizing a private school satellite option to teach their own children. This number is unknown but believed to be in the tens of thousands.

11. I'm homeschooling my children and I baby sit my [niece, neighbor's child...] can I homeschool them too?

No. The Tennessee Code 49-6-3050 specifically states that a "homeschool is a school conducted by parent(s) or legal guardian('s) for their own children. There is no reason these children can't sit in on the lessons though. 

12. There is no way I can teach [chemistry, Latin, piano...whatever]. Can I hire a tutor?

Yes. Tennessee Code 49-6-3050 (b)11 says: "In the event of the illness of a parent-teacher, or the parent-teacher's inadequacy to teach a specific subject, a tutor, having the same qualifications which would be required of a parent-teacher teaching that grade level or course, may be employed by the parent-teacher.  You may want to check with a local support group for referrals to qualified tutors.

13. I'm recovering from surgery, can a friend teach my children for a couple of weeks?

Yes. Tennessee Code 49-6-3050 (b)11 says: "In the event of the illness of a parent-teacher, or the parent-teacher's inadequacy to teach a specific subject, a tutor, having the same qualifications which would be required of a parent-teacher teaching that grade level or course, may be employed by the parent-teacher. Check with local support groups for referrals to qualified tutors.

14. What is a subject area test? I just received notice that my high schooler has to appear at a local public school to take an Algebra or Geometry test.

According to Ben Brown, who is the Director of Evaluation and Assessment for the Dept. of Education, Secondary Subject Area Tests are the end of course tests given to public school students.

According to Mr. Brown, currently (2/11/00) only 9th grade Independent homeschoolers (you're signed up with the Local Education Agency) taking Algebra I would be participating. You should be notified by the LEA (since they would already be giving that child the TCAP test anyway.)  

Most homeschoolers, however, do not feel that we are subject to these tests as they don't conform to the criteria of standardized tests as outlined in the homeschooling code and we don't usually use their curriculum.  You'll may want to read through our testing page.

15. If I register with the state can they come to the house for inspections, check my daily lesson plans and attendance records, etc?

No. They have no authority to do most of this. It would require a search warrant as in any other case where the state seeks to enter your home.

16. Does anyone know what happens if I won't sign a SOF (Statement of Faith)?

If you won't sign it the CRS can deny your application for registration. There are a few CRS's that don't require a SOF. Check our CRS chart.

17.  Are there any Jewish synagogues that can/will/do what a CRS does?

There are none that do at this time. You may want to check the CRS Chart for the most current information.

18. Not that I intend to do so, but has anyone every challenged the constitutionality of the law that that only allows, essentially, Christian CRS's?

Not to my knowledge.

19. Regarding being registered with the state: How does the state prevent people from just saying they've taught for 4 hours per day for 180 days but who don't actually do it?

Essentially they don't. Parents are required to submit these attendance sheets to the superintendent but there is no provision in the law for enforcement. The first step would probably be someone alleging educational neglect which would probably trigger truancy or child neglect charges.

20. What's the difference between a "homeschooler" and an "independent homeschooler"?

When you register with the local education agency (school district) you are an "independent homeschooler" When you register with a CRS that reports their registrations to the LEA you are an "homeschooler". If you are registered with a CRS that is utilizing the private school satellite option you are a "private schooler". However, we all colloquially call ourselves "homeschoolers". See also #28

21. I'm planning on registering with the state. Will they give me my curriculum when I sign up?

No. The state does not provide curriculum. You are on your own as to what you use to educate your children. Consider it as absolute freedom to choose from the abundance of resources available to families now days who educate their own children.

22. I was told I need to bring my curriculum to the superintendent's office for their approval. Is this right?

No. The county does not have the authority to approve or disapprove whatever curriculum, or non-curriculum you choose to use.

23. My county says my son must come in this year for TCAPs even though he took them last year in the 5th grade. Is this right?

This is wrong. The law only requires homeschoolers to be tested in the 5th, 7th and 9th grades. There is a dispute about the 9th grade tests. Read through the issue as outlined at http://TnHomeEd.com/Testing.html Remember that you are allowed to be in the room with your 5th grader.

24. I understand that the Department of Education can waive the baccalaureate requirement for homeschooling high schoolers. What are my chances?

Only twice since 1985 have waivers been granted. We do have a new Commissioner whose opinion has been untested. Write if you need help.

The first waiver was granted:

"September 13, 1991, a Homeschooling family in Memphis, Hubert & Lois Van Tol, received the first exemption to the B.A. requirement from then Commissioner Charles Smith. The Van Tol family was unique. While neither husband nor wife had a B.A. degree, Hubert was in college working toward a degree and Lois was in her second year of medical school specializing in obstetrics. She had been accepted at UT Medical School without a B.A. degree because UT acknowledged as the equivalent of a B. A. her almost completed college education along with her 10 years experience as a mid-wife."

The second waiver was granted:

"January 23, 1996, the Stuart Goggans family of Harrison, TN, (outside Chattanooga) received a letter from Tennessee Dept. of Education (DOE) Commissioner, Jane Walters" [granting the exemption].

"The first year the Goggans family submitted a request to the Commissioner for an exemption was in the Fall of 1992. The request was 956 pages long; it included a statement of their religious convictions as the basis of their home schooling and also 18 letters from Tn legislators recommending that the Commissioner grant their exemption."

"The next year, in the Fall of 1993, the Goggans submitted another request for exemption with 15 additional letters of recommendation from legislators. They again received a form letter rejecting their exemption request."

"In the Fall of 1994, the Goggans again requested an exemption from then Commissioner Wayne Qualls. They never received a reply. Then again, in August 1995, with 21 additional pages and three additional legislator's letters of recommendation, they submitted their request for this school year to Commissioner Jane Walters."

"At the 1995 Middle Tennessee August Conference in Nashville, (snip) Stuart and Tamie (Goggins) were introduced to Gov. Sundquist and their request situation explained."

It was just about 5 months later that Gov. Sundquist's appointed commissioner, Jane Walters, granted this second exemption.

Here's the code that allows these exemptions:

TCA 49-6-3050(b)(7) Possession of at least a baccalaureate degree awarded by a college or university accredited by an accrediting agency or association recognized by the state board of education, by a parent-teacher conducting classes in grades nine (9) through twelve (12). A parent-reacher may request an exemption from this requirement from the department on a year-to-year basis;

 

25. I know a family that is not actually educating their children. What can I do? Who do I call?

I get this question in various forms several times a year. And I'll write here what I written these inquiring folks.

FIRST AND MOST IMPORTANTLY: If the children are being physically neglected and/or abused and are in imminent danger, it's my opinion (and I'm not a lawyer or family counselor) you need to report this family to the Department of Children's Services immediately.

If their actual safety is not an issue I suggest you hold back and examine the situation more carefully before raising an alarm. The reality is that once DCS gets involved it is possible that the family will be split, the children sent to foster care and this could be only the beginning of a long and complicated road that can be traumatic for all involved.

Secondly, I am less concerned about safeguarding the reputation of homeschooling and much more concerned about helping this family to become healthy and functioning. It's my opinion (and I'm not a lawyer or professional family counselor and I don't know you or the family involved)  that you may actually be the instrument that could be used to help this family, if help is needed. Depending upon your relationship with this family it could involve several things which I'll mention later.

Unfortunately there are some folks that say they are homeschooling but aren't. They may include 'push-outs' from the public school system and yes, they may include parents who are too focused on their own lives, too lazy or too overwhelmed by just keeping a roof over the heads of the children to put forth the effort that is needed to educate the child well. Some of these are children who have become troublesome for the system and it's easier on the system to strongly encourage the parents to homeschool rather than take on the additional expense or manpower in order to properly serve a child. These children may include those that have become discipline problems, have special needs due to physical or mental challenges or even children that are exceptionally gifted. It may also include children whose parents have become a nuisance as they advocate for their children. These parents of push-outs have been told, like all of us, that public education is there to educate their child and they may be resentful of having to take on this task themselves. It may be that they are wholly unprepared to do the job and it may be that the child is really a hard case and isn't compliant enough to cooperate with the parent in the task of homeschooling.

Next let's consider that if our only experience is with the public schooling model what you see may seem to be nothing but play. What you see may not look like the sitting in a seat all day long and working from textbooks of your experience. Homeschooling allows an abundance of freedom to tailor the education of a child to fit their personality and the lifestyle of the family. The law doesn't require that children be homeschooled during particular hours or days. And so while their peers may be in school it's entirely legal for these children to be out and about during those times. It may be that what you discern as playing is actually a very rich learning experience. Young children especially, learn best 'playing'. This freedom allows parents to work and homeschool. Homeschooling is also much more efficient than public schooling and so actually will take less time and allow these children more free time. Think back to your own experience. How much time was spent in your school career on the mundane and necessary tasks of attendance, announcements, discipline issues, and changing classes? How much time did you have to wait while another child was attended to or the teacher had to handle paperwork or a visit from an administrator? You get the idea. And all that to say that homeschooling may not look like what you expect it to and I'm asking you not to base any alarmist judgment on lack of hard, verifiable information.

If you do know, for a fact, that this family isn't educating the children the next step could either be cluing in another family member or the entity the family is registered with. That entity could be the local school district or it could be one of over a hundred church-related schools across the state. Finding out where the family is registered and giving a heads up to that entity and sharing with them the known facts, (not gossip)  may be the next best step. But understand that that entity's recourse may be informing children's services.

If YOU are the close family member or near neighbor that has a relationship with the family, and you really care about the children, seriously consider what you can do to support the parents in this educational path. This is not going to include nagging them about curriculum, testing or your opinion about how 'school' should look. It may include things like offering to tutor the children in a subject you are good at, it may include offering to baby-sit the younger children so the parent can have some intense one on one time with an older child who is struggling. It could also include educational gifts, software and resources. I would caution that you make an attempt to find out what's on the parent's shopping list that, perhaps, they haven't been able to afford so far and that you not assume what you buy will be completely welcome. You might also consider magazines and memberships to various educational venues in your area like the zoo or museum. If you're the grandparent those memberships are a fantastic way to spend time with your grandchildren AND supplement their education.

There is no easy answer to this question. I wish their were. The kindest answer seems to be reaching out to that family and serving them where they are in an effort to help them get to where they need to be.

26. Does the school district get money for homeschoolers?

Yes. TCA49-6-3050(c): "A local education agency which has responsibility under this section on account of the conduct of home schools within its jurisdiction shall receive a state grant for accounting and record keeping expenses. The amount of this grant shall be set annually by the commissioner in an amount not to exceed one hundred dollars ($100) per home school student. The grant shall not be included in, or considered a part of, the Tennessee foundation program.

27. Alphabet Soup Translation


CRS: Church Related School. A religious cover school
. See 49-50-801 for details.

HSLDA: Home School Legal Defense Association
. A Christian homeschool advocacy organization that  defends what they believe homeschooling should be and also advocates on such diverse issues as gun control and the UN. See their website and comments on the Legal Help page.

LEA: Local Education Agency. Your local school district.

NCHE: National Center for Home Education

NHEN: National Home Education Network.
A network of homeschoolers across the nation helping each other in their grassroots efforts to promote homeschooling and fight limiting legislation.

NHERI: National Home Education Research Institute.
This research group is headed by Dr. Brian Ray and is closely associated with HSLDA.

SOF: Statement of Faith. Required by many CRS's to affirm your agreement with their religious tenants.

TCAP: Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program. Currently the TCAP's are actually a test called Terra Nova.
Check here for any school's scores.



28. Tennessee Homeschoolers Defined

We may all consider ourselves homeschoolers but the State of Tennessee does make some distinctions which could be important at some point, especially in dealing with government entities and colleges. So here's a few definitions.

Independent homeschooler: You are registered with your LEA.

Homeschooler: You are registered with a CRS
that reports it's registrants to the LEA.

Privately schooled: If you are registered with a CRS and operate a
s a satellite school as outlined in the Jeter Memo.

29.  Defining CRS Category numbers

The State of Tennessee defines these at: http://www.state.tn.us/sos/rules/0520/0520-07/0520-07-02.pdf


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