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Frequently Asked
Questions (FAQ)
If you're
brand new to
homeschooling read
Starting to Homeschool.
If you've
homeschooled before
and just need to get up to speed with the Tennessee rules read our
Non-Lawyer Version or the
HS Laws
page which links to just about everything you need to know to get started.
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How do I get my GED?
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Do I need a teaching certificate to
homeschool?
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My child is learning disabled. Can special
accommodations be made for them while taking the SAT's?
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Are homeschooling expenses tax-deductible?
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What about socialization?
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How much does homeschooling cost?
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I'm moving in from out of state. How much
time do I have to register to homeschool?
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School in our district has already started
and we've just moved here. Can I still register as an 'independent
homeschooler'?
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Can I pull my child out of public school in
mid-year and homeschool him?
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How many homeschoolers are there in
Tennessee?
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I'm homeschooling my children and I baby
sit my [neice, neighbor's child...] can I homeschool them too?
-
There is no way I can teach [chemistry,
Latin, piano...whatever]. Can I hire a tutor?
-
I'm recovering from surgery [illness], can
a friend teach my children for a couple of weeks?
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What is a subject area, end of course,
gateway test? I just received notice that my high school has to appear
at a local public school to take one of these.
-
If I register with the state can they come
to the house for inspections, check my daily lesson plans and attendance
records, curriculum, etc?
-
What happens if I won't sign a SOF
(statement of faith)?
-
Are there any Jewish synagogues that
can/will/do what a CRS does?
-
Not that I intend to do so, but has anyone
ever challenged the constituionality of the law that only allows,
essentially, Christian CRS's?
-
Regarding being registered with the state:
How does the state prevent people from just saying they've taught for 4
hours per day for 180 days but who don't actually do it?
-
What's the difference between a
'homeschooler' and an 'independent homeschooler'? See also
#28.
-
I'm planning on registering with the
state. Will they give me my curriculum when I sign up?
-
I was told I need to bring my curriculum
to the superintendent's office for their approval. Is this right?
-
My county says my son must come in this
year for Tcaps's even though he took them last year in the 5th grade. Is
this right?
-
I understand that the Department of
Education can waive the baccalaureate requirement for homeschooling high
schoolers. What are my changes? -
I know a family that is not actually
educating their children. What can I do? Who do I call? -
Does the school
district get money for homeschoolers? -
Alphabet Soup Translations: HSLDA, LEA, NCHE, NHEN, NHERI,
SOF, TCAP
- Defining 'homeschooler'.
Defining CRS category numbers.
1. How do
I get my GED?
Here's the State of Tennessee's GED website.
http://www.state.tn.us/labor-wfd/AE/aeged.htm
This test will be changing in 2002 and you
can get details on that at the state website here:
http://www.state.tn.us/labor-wfd/AE/aeedmal45.htm
Check also:
http://www.acenet.edu/calec/ged/intro-TT.html
This is the Center for Adult Learning and
Educational Credentials site. There you'll find info on how to get
started, how much, where to go...
2. Do I
need a teaching certificate to homeschool?
No. If you are
registered with the local education agency a high school diploma or
GED is required to teach grades K - 8 . To teach grades 9 - 12, a
baccalaureate degree is required.
If you're registered
with a church related school only a high school diploma or GED is
usually required check with your church related school.
You may be interested in this HSLDA article entitled "The Myth
of Teacher Qualifications"
http://www.hslda.org/docs/nche/000002/00000214.asp
Here are a couple of uplifting snips:
I (Chris Klicka)
have talked with hundreds of school officials who cannot
understand how a “mere mother” with a high school diploma could
possibly teach her own children.
Unfortunately,
critics in the media have also believed this myth and will
question the validity of home schooling by asking, “But are the
parents qualified?” What is so laughable about this belief in
teacher qualifications by public school authorities are the
statistics which show the appalling decline in competency among
certified public school teachers and the failure of the teacher
colleges.
One of the most
significant studies in this area was performed by Dr. Eric
Hanushek of the University of Rochester, who surveyed the
results of 113 studies on the impact of teachers’ qualifications
on their students’ academic achievement. Eighty-five percent of
the studies found no positive correlation between the
educational performance of the students and the teacher’s
educational background.
Those who push for
legislation requiring certain teacher qualifications for home
schoolers have no research to support the necessity of such
standards. The results of these 113 studies are certainly an
indictment on proponents of certain teacher standards for home
schoolers. Higher teacher qualification does not make better
students.
Dr. Lanier, an
expert who testified on the side of the state in favor of
teacher certification, admitted under oath that she was unaware
of any verifiable evidence establishing any correlation between
teacher certification requirements and student learning or
teacher competence.
3. My child is
learning disabled. Can special accommodations be made for them
while taking the SATs?
Yes.
Check the College Boards site
http://www.collegeboard.org/sat/html/students/reg003.html
The College Board is committed to
serving students with disabilities by providing services and
reasonable accommodations appropriate to the student's
disability and the purpose of the exam. Services for Students
with Disabilities (SSD) provides Advanced Placement (AP®),
PSAT/NMSQT™, and SAT testing accommodations for students who
have documented disabilities.
4. Are
homeschooling expenses tax-deductible?
The short answer is no.
There is a tax credit given to teachers.
However, I don't believe that our current legal situation in
Tennessee would meet the very specific criteria outlined by the IRS. The
credit for $250 would quickly be eaten up by trying to defend a
situation that many people involved in Tennessee homeschooling don't
completely understand...let alone a disinterested IRS agent.
Here's a question
specifically mentioning homeschooling from the following IRS
page (as of 1/26/01).
http://www.irs.ustreas.gov/prod/tax_edu/faq/faq-kw64.html
"I will be homeschooling my
child next year and would like to know if school related
expenses, such as curriculum, school supplies, field trip
activities, etc., are deductible?"
There is no deduction for
your child's home schooling expenses. These are
nondeductible personal, living, or family expenses. Please
refer to Publication 529, Miscellaneous Deductions.
And from the IRS again (as of 1/2/06) IRA Topic 458:
http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc458.html
Topic 458 - Educator Expense
Deduction
If you are an eligible educator,
you can deduct from gross income a portion of your
qualified expenses. You can deduct these expenses even
if you do not itemize deductions on Form 1040, Schedule
A. This deduction is for expenses paid or incurred
during the tax year. Previously, these expenses were
deductible only as a miscellaneous itemized deduction
subject to the 2% of adjusted gross income limit.
You are an eligible educator if,
for the tax year, you meet the following requirements:
* You are a
kindergarten through grade 12;
o Teacher
o Instructor
o Counselor
o Principal, or
o Aide
* You work at
least 900 hours a school year in a school that
provides elementary or secondary education, as
determined *under state law*. (emphasis added)
(snip)
5. What about
socialization?
Ah. Yes. The "S" word. It's
come down to this. Educrats and well meaning relatives are
finding it harder and harder to fault the academic successes
of homeschoolers so they bring up the straw man of
"socialization". While most parents consider socialization
to be "plays well with others" and "listens to and follows
directions" it's become apparent that socialization
nowadays,
may
mean using your children to mold our nation into a society
that looks like what educrats think it ought to be. This
means your child is taught and graded on how well he
understands and is willing to walk out certain issues. Some
of those issues being: sex and choice, environmental
concerns, globalism, multiculturalism, situational ethics,
drug use, politics and more.
As a parent you need to
decide just how you feel about those issues and if the
school's view of these issues are consistent with your
lifestyles choices.
Here are links to two
articles you may find interesting reads on this subject.
Both articles will provide plenty of reasons not to be
concerned about socialization.
"No Thank You, We don't Believe in socialization"
is Lisa Russell's
contribution of truth on the subject with a touch of humor.
"What about socialization?"
from Leliah McCracken of
BirthLove.com
"Socialization: A Great Reason Not to Go to School"
by Karl Bunday of
LearnInFreedom.org
6. How
much does homeschooling cost?
It's really up to you. Lots
of families do quite well with a library card and not
much else. Lots of families prefer to purchase "boxed"
curriculum which can run into hundreds of dollars per
child. Some families spend hundreds a month. Around here
with one in High
school, one in Junior High
and two in elementary school we spend less than $1,000
to include curriculum, internet access and members to
museums
and such.
According to Michael
Farris, president of the Home School Legal Defense
Foundation, in a March 5, 1997 Wall Street Journal
editorial. "For each home-school child, the average
schooling cost is $546 per year, the annual
public-school per-pupil expenditure is $5,325. Both
figures exclude the costs of the building in which each
child is taught."
We also save a good bit in
not having to have the latest clothing, lunches out,
transportation to and from school, various student fees
and I believe our medical bills are less since the
children aren't exposed to as many viruses and diseases.
I saw an ABC News segment in August '00 where the
average family, preparing to send their children to
school, spent $500.
7. I'm moving in from out of state.
How much time do I have to register to homeschool?
30 days. The homeschool
statutes don't mention this specifically. However,
according to my conversation on 1/21/99 with Mr. Glen
Smith, Director of Attendance for the State of Tennessee
Department of Education you have 30 days. He tells me
that Tennessee Code
49-6-3001
applies to homeschooling as well as public schools.
8.
School in our district has already started and we've
just moved here. Can I still register as an "independent
homeschooler"?
Maybe. "The
superintendent has the discretionary authority to
waive the September 1 deadline for good and
sufficient reasons." The law doesn't define "good
and sufficient" and so this phrase is defined by
each superintendent as he/she wishes.
Sometimes in our favor
and sometimes not. Ask.
9.
Can I pull my child out of public school in mid-year
and homeschool him?
Yes. You can try and
register him with your LEA but
if
the August 1/September 1 deadline has passed your
superintendent of schools may disallow this. They
have that legal right under
TCA 49-6-3050. They
also have the right to allow the registration for
what the superintendent considers 'good and
sufficient reason'. If they won't cooperate your
other choice is to
register with a church related
school.
10. How many homeschoolers are there in Tennessee?
This depends upon
how you define "homeschooler".
Using the word as defined in
49-6-3050
(the homeschooling code) there are about 6,000
children registered with the LEA's and
church-related schools as homeschoolers in the
2005-06 school year.
The vast majority
of what are known as homeschoolers are actually
parents utilizing a private school
satellite option to teach their own
children. This number is unknown but believed to
be in the tens of thousands.
11. I'm homeschooling my
children and I baby sit my [niece, neighbor's
child...] can I homeschool them too?
No. The Tennessee Code
49-6-3050
specifically states that a "homeschool is a
school conducted by parent(s) or legal guardian('s)
for their own children. There is no reason these
children can't sit in on the lessons though.
12. There is no way I can teach
[chemistry, Latin, piano...whatever]. Can I hire
a tutor?
Yes. Tennessee Code
49-6-3050
(b)11 says: "In the event of the illness of
a parent-teacher, or the parent-teacher's
inadequacy to teach a specific subject, a
tutor, having the same qualifications which
would be required of a parent-teacher
teaching that grade level or course, may be
employed by the parent-teacher.
You may want to check with a local
support
group for referrals to qualified tutors.
13. I'm recovering from surgery, can a
friend teach my children for a couple of
weeks?
Yes. Tennessee Code
49-6-3050
(b)11 says: "In the event of the illness of
a parent-teacher, or the parent-teacher's
inadequacy to teach a specific subject, a
tutor, having the same qualifications which
would be required of a parent-teacher
teaching that grade level or course, may be
employed by the parent-teacher. Check with
local
support groups for referrals to
qualified tutors.
14.
What is a subject area test? I just received
notice that my high schooler has to appear
at a local public school to take an Algebra
or Geometry test.
According
to Ben Brown, who is the Director of
Evaluation and Assessment for the Dept.
of Education, Secondary Subject Area
Tests are the end of course tests given
to public school students.
According
to Mr. Brown, currently (2/11/00) only
9th grade Independent homeschoolers
(you're signed up with the Local
Education Agency) taking Algebra I would
be participating. You should be notified
by the LEA (since they would already be
giving that child the TCAP test anyway.)
Most homeschoolers, however, do not feel
that we are subject to these tests as
they don't conform to the criteria of
standardized tests as outlined in the
homeschooling code and we don't usually
use their curriculum. You'll may
want to read through our
testing
page.
15.
If I register with the state can they
come to the house for inspections, check
my daily lesson plans and attendance
records, etc?
No. They
have no authority to do
most
of this. It would require a search
warrant as in any other case where the
state seeks to enter your home.
16.
Does anyone know what happens if I won't
sign a SOF (Statement of Faith)?
If you won't sign it the CRS can
deny your application for
registration. There are a few CRS's
that don't require a SOF.
Check our
CRS chart.
17.
Are there any Jewish synagogues
that can/will/do what a CRS does?
There are none that do at this time.
You may want to check the
CRS Chart
for the most current information.
18.
Not that I intend to do so, but has
anyone every challenged the
constitutionality of the law that
that only allows, essentially,
Christian CRS's?
Not to my knowledge.
19.
Regarding being registered with
the state: How does the state
prevent people from just saying
they've taught for 4 hours per
day for 180 days but who don't
actually do it?
Essentially they don't. Parents
are required to submit these
attendance sheets to the
superintendent but there is no
provision in the law for
enforcement. The first step
would probably be someone
alleging educational neglect
which would probably trigger
truancy or child neglect
charges.
20.
What's the difference between a
"homeschooler" and an
"independent homeschooler"?
When you register with the
local education agency
(school district) you are an
"independent homeschooler"
When you register with a CRS
that reports their
registrations to the LEA you
are an "homeschooler". If
you are registered with a
CRS that is utilizing the
private school satellite
option you are a "private
schooler". However, we
all colloquially call
ourselves "homeschoolers".
See also #28
21.
I'm planning on registering
with the state. Will they
give me my curriculum when I
sign up?
No. The state does not
provide curriculum. You are
on your own as to what you
use to educate your
children. Consider it as
absolute freedom to choose
from the abundance of
resources available to
families now days who
educate their own children.
22.
I was told I need to bring my curriculum to the superintendent's office
for their approval. Is this right?
No. The county does not
have the authority to
approve or disapprove
whatever curriculum, or
non-curriculum you
choose to use.
23.
My county says my son
must come in this year
for TCAPs even though he
took them last year in
the 5th grade. Is this
right?
This is wrong. The law
only requires
homeschoolers to be
tested in the 5th, 7th
and 9th grades.
There is a dispute about
the 9th grade tests.
Read through the issue
as outlined at
http://TnHomeEd.com/Testing.html Remember
that you are allowed to
be in the room with your
5th grader.
24.
I understand that the
Department of Education
can waive the
baccalaureate
requirement for
homeschooling high
schoolers. What are my
chances?
Only twice since
1985 have waivers
been granted. We do
have a new
Commissioner whose
opinion has been
untested.
Write
if you need help.
The first waiver
was granted:
"September 13,
1991, a
Homeschooling family
in Memphis, Hubert &
Lois Van Tol,
received the first
exemption to the
B.A. requirement
from then
Commissioner Charles
Smith. The Van Tol
family was unique.
While neither
husband nor wife had
a B.A. degree,
Hubert was in
college working
toward a degree and
Lois was in her
second year of
medical school
specializing in
obstetrics. She had
been accepted at UT
Medical School
without a B.A.
degree because UT
acknowledged as the
equivalent of a B.
A. her almost
completed college
education along with
her 10 years
experience as a
mid-wife."
The second waiver
was granted:
"January 23, 1996,
the Stuart Goggans
family of Harrison,
TN, (outside
Chattanooga)
received a letter
from Tennessee Dept.
of Education (DOE)
Commissioner, Jane
Walters" [granting
the exemption].
"The first year the
Goggans family
submitted a request
to the Commissioner
for an exemption was
in the Fall of 1992.
The request was 956
pages long; it
included a statement
of their religious
convictions as the
basis of their home
schooling and also
18 letters from Tn
legislators
recommending that
the Commissioner
grant their
exemption."
"The next year, in
the Fall of 1993,
the Goggans
submitted another
request for
exemption with 15
additional letters
of recommendation
from legislators.
They again received
a form letter
rejecting their
exemption request."
"In the Fall of
1994, the Goggans
again requested an
exemption from then
Commissioner Wayne
Qualls. They never
received a reply.
Then again, in
August 1995, with 21
additional pages and
three additional
legislator's letters
of recommendation,
they submitted their
request for this
school year to
Commissioner Jane
Walters."
"At the 1995 Middle
Tennessee August
Conference in
Nashville, (snip)
Stuart and Tamie
(Goggins) were
introduced to Gov.
Sundquist and their
request situation
explained."
It was just about 5
months later that
Gov. Sundquist's
appointed
commissioner, Jane
Walters, granted
this second
exemption.
Here's the code
that allows these
exemptions:
TCA
49-6-3050(b)(7)
Possession
of at least a
baccalaureate
degree awarded
by a college or
university
accredited by an
accrediting
agency or
association
recognized by
the state board
of education, by
a parent-teacher
conducting
classes in
grades nine (9)
through twelve
(12). A
parent-reacher
may request an
exemption from
this requirement
from the
department on a
year-to-year
basis;
25.
I know a family that is
not actually educating
their children. What can
I do? Who do I call?
I get this question in various forms several times
a year. And I'll write here what I written these inquiring folks.
FIRST AND MOST IMPORTANTLY :
If the children are being physically neglected and/or abused and are
in imminent danger, it's my opinion (and I'm not a lawyer or family
counselor) you need to report this family to the Department of
Children's Services immediately.
If their actual safety is not an issue I suggest
you hold back and examine the situation more carefully before
raising an alarm. The reality is that once DCS gets involved it is
possible that the family will be split, the children sent to foster
care and this could be only the beginning of a long and complicated
road that can be traumatic for all involved.
Secondly, I am less concerned about safeguarding
the reputation of homeschooling and much more concerned about
helping this family to become healthy and functioning. It's my
opinion (and I'm not a lawyer or professional family counselor and I
don't know you or the family involved) that you may actually
be the instrument that could be used to help this family, if help is
needed. Depending upon your relationship with this family it could
involve several things which I'll mention later.
Unfortunately there are some folks that say they
are homeschooling but aren't. They may include 'push-outs' from the
public school system and yes, they may include parents who are too
focused on their own lives, too lazy or too overwhelmed by just
keeping a roof over the heads of the children to put forth the
effort that is needed to educate the child well. Some of these are
children who have become troublesome for the system and it's easier
on the system to strongly encourage the parents to homeschool rather
than take on the additional expense or manpower in order to properly
serve a child. These children may include those that have become
discipline problems, have special needs due to physical or mental
challenges or even children that are exceptionally gifted. It may
also include children whose parents have become a nuisance as they
advocate for their children. These parents of push-outs have been
told, like all of us, that public education is there to educate
their child and they may be resentful of having to take on this task
themselves. It may be that they are wholly unprepared to do the job
and it may be that the child is really a hard case and isn't
compliant enough to cooperate with the parent in the task of
homeschooling.
Next let's consider that if our only experience is
with the public schooling model what you see may seem to be nothing
but play. What you see may not look like the sitting in a seat all
day long and working from textbooks of your experience.
Homeschooling allows an abundance of freedom to tailor the education
of a child to fit their personality and the lifestyle of the family.
The law doesn't require that children be homeschooled during
particular hours or days. And so while their peers may be in school
it's entirely legal for these children to be out and about during
those times. It may be that what you discern as playing is actually
a very rich learning experience. Young children especially, learn
best 'playing'. This freedom allows parents to work and homeschool.
Homeschooling is also much more efficient than public schooling and
so actually will take less time and allow these children more free
time. Think back to your own experience. How much time was spent in
your school career on the mundane and necessary tasks of attendance,
announcements, discipline issues, and changing classes? How much
time did you have to wait while another child was attended to or the
teacher had to handle paperwork or a visit from an administrator?
You get the idea. And all that to say that homeschooling may not
look like what you expect it to and I'm asking you not to base any
alarmist judgment on lack of hard, verifiable information.
If you do know, for a fact, that this family isn't educating the
children the next step could either be cluing in another family
member or the entity the family is registered with. That entity
could be the local school district or it could be one of over a
hundred church-related schools across
the state. Finding out where the family is registered and giving a
heads up to that entity and sharing with them the known facts,
(not gossip) may be the next best step. But understand
that that entity's recourse may be informing children's services.
If YOU are the close family member or near neighbor that has a
relationship with the family, and you really care about the
children, seriously consider what you can do to support the parents
in this educational path. This is not going to include nagging them
about curriculum, testing or your opinion about how 'school' should
look. It may include things like offering to tutor the children in a
subject you are good at, it may include offering to baby-sit the
younger children so the parent can have some intense one on one time
with an older child who is struggling. It could also include
educational gifts, software and resources. I would caution that you
make an attempt to find out what's on the parent's shopping list
that, perhaps, they haven't been able to afford so far and that you
not assume what you buy will be completely welcome. You might also
consider magazines and memberships to various educational venues in
your area like the zoo or museum. If you're the grandparent those
memberships are a fantastic way to spend time with your
grandchildren AND supplement their education.
There is no easy
answer to this question. I wish their were. The kindest answer seems
to be reaching out to that family and serving them where they are in
an effort to help them get to where they need to be.
26. Does the school district get money for
homeschoolers?
Yes. TCA49-6-3050(c):
"A local education agency which has responsibility under this
section on account of the conduct of home schools within its
jurisdiction shall receive a state grant for accounting and
record keeping expenses. The amount of this grant shall be set
annually by the commissioner in an amount not to exceed one hundred
dollars ($100) per home school student. The grant
shall not be included in, or considered a part of, the Tennessee
foundation program.
27.
Alphabet Soup
Translation
CRS: Church
Related School. A religious cover school.
See 49-50-801 for
details.
HSLDA: Home School Legal
Defense Association.
A Christian homeschool advocacy organization that defends what
they believe homeschooling should be and also advocates on such
diverse issues as gun control and the UN. See their website and
comments on the Legal
Help page.
LEA: Local
Education Agency. Your local school district.
NCHE:
National Center for Home Education
NHEN: National Home Education
Network. A network of homeschoolers across the nation helping
each other in their grassroots efforts to promote homeschooling and
fight limiting legislation.
NHERI:
National Home Education Research Institute.
This research group is headed by Dr. Brian Ray and is closely
associated with HSLDA.
SOF:
Statement of Faith. Required by many CRS's to affirm your agreement
with their religious tenants.
TCAP: Tennessee
Comprehensive Assessment Program. Currently the TCAP's are actually
a test called Terra Nova. Check here for any school's scores.
28.
Tennessee Homeschoolers Defined
We may all consider
ourselves homeschoolers but the State of Tennessee does make some
distinctions which could be important at some point, especially in
dealing with government entities and colleges. So here's a few
definitions.
Independent homeschooler:
You are
registered with your LEA.
Homeschooler:
You are registered with a
CRS
that reports it's registrants to the LEA.
Privately
schooled: If
you are registered with a CRS and operate as
a satellite
school
as outlined in
the Jeter Memo.
29. Defining CRS Category numbers
The State of Tennessee defines these at:
http://www.state.tn.us/sos/rules/0520/0520-07/0520-07-02.pdf
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